Nanotechnology, or, as it is sometimes called, molecular manufacturing, is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and manufacture of extremely small electronic circuits and mechanical devices built at the molecular level of matter. The Institute of Nanotechnology in the U.K. expresses it as “science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1 nanometer(nm) to 100 nm play a critical role.” Nanotechnology is often discussed together with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), a subject that usually includes nanotechnology but may also include technologies higher than the molecular level.
There is a limit to the number of components that can be fabricated onto a semiconductor wafer or “chip.”. Traditionally, circuits have been etched onto chips by removing material in small regions. However, it is also possible in theory to build chips up, one atom at a time, to obtain devices much smaller than those that can be manufactured by etching. With this approach, there would be no superfluous atoms; every particle would have a purpose. Electrical conductors, called nanowires, would be only one atom thick. A logic gate would require only a few atoms. A data bit could be represented by the presence or absence of a single electron.
Nanotechnology holds promise in the quest for ever-more-powerful computers and communications devices. But the most fascinating (and potentially dangerous) applications are in medical science. So-called nanorobots might serve as programmable antibodies. As disease-causing bacteria and viruses mutate in their endless attempts to get around medical treatments, nanorobots could be reprogrammed to selectively seek out and destroy them. Other nanorobots might be programmed to single out and kill cancer cells.
Two concepts associated with nanotechnology are positional assemblyand self-replication. Positional assembly deals with the mechanics of moving molecular pieces into their proper relational places and keeping them there. Molecular robots are devices that do the positional assembly. Self-replication deals with the problem of multiplying the positional arrangements in some automatic way, both in building the manufacturing device and in building the manufactured product.
Ruby is an open source, interpreted, object-oriented programming language created by Yukihiro Matsumoto, who chose the gemstone’s name to suggest “a jewel of a language.” Ruby is designed to be simple, complete, extensible, and portable. Developed mostly on Linux, Ruby works across most platforms, such as most Unix-based platforms, DOS, Windows, Macintosh, BeOS, and OS/2, for example. According to proponents, Ruby’s simple syntax(partially inspired by Ada and Eiffel), makes it readable by anyone who is familiar with any modern programming language.Ruby is considered similar to Smalltalk and Perl. The authors of the book Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer’s Guide, David Thomas and Andrew Hunt say that it is fully object-oriented, like Smalltalk, although more conventional to use, and as convenient as Perl, but fully object-oriented, which leads to better structured and easier-to-maintain programs. To be compliant with the principles of Extreme Programming (XP), Ruby allows portions of projects to be written in other languages if they are better suited.
Ruby has become extremely popular in Japan; it is sometimes said that, at the moment, although there are a huge number of Ruby programmers, most of them don’t speak English. That situation is expected to change, however: Hunt and Thomas predict that Ruby will undergo explosive growth between 2001 and 2002, and overtake Python within four years.
?In computers, a virus is a program or programming code that replicates by being copied or initiating its copying to another program, computer boot sector or document. Viruses can be transmitted as attachments to an e-mail note or in a downloaded file, or be present on a diskette or CD. The immediate source of the e-mail note, downloaded file, or diskette you’ve received is usually unaware that it contains a virus. Some viruses wreak their effect as soon as their code is executed; other viruses lie dormant until circumstances cause their code to be executed by the computer. Some viruses are benign or playful in intent and effect (”Happy Birthday, Ludwig!”) and some can be quite harmful, erasing data or causing your hard disk to require reformatting. A virus that replicates itself by resending itself as an e-mail attachment or as part of a network message is known as a worm.
In cellular service there are two main competing network technologies: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Cellular carriers including Sprint PCS, Cingular Wireless, Verizon and T-Mobile use one or the other. Understanding the difference between GSM and CDMA will allow you to choose a carrier that uses the preferable network technology for your needs.
The GSM Association is an international organization founded in 1987, dedicated to providing, developing, and overseeing the worldwide wireless standard of GSM. CDMA, a proprietary standard designed by Qualcomm in the United States, has been the dominant network standard for North America and parts of Asia. However, GSM networks continue to make inroads in the United States, as CDMA networks make progress in other parts of the world. There are camps on both sides that firmly believe either GSM or CDMA architecture is superior to the other.
How would you feel when you go to a Hospital for treatment, you are given a blood transfusion. The next thing you know is you are infected with HIV.
Well that?s what happened to 9 year Faizan who tested HIV positive after a blood transfusion at Delhi’s Safdarjung hospital. Seventeen-year-old Jyoti dies of HIV-related illness at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.
In both these cases, the children were infused with the HIV virus during blood transfusion, when the National Blood Safety Policy clearly states every unit of blood must be tested.
Don?t feel like going to a hospital anymore do you?
PNR is an important number that is written on the top left corner of an Indian Rail Ticket. The abbreviation PNR stands for Passenger Name Record. Actually, PNR is a travel record of a person or a group of persons in the database of Computer Reservation System (CRS). In practical terms, PNR has five parts that are essential in order to get a booking done. The five parts or requisites of PNR number are as follows.
- Passenger(s) Name
- Travel Agent’s Contact Details
- Details of Ticket (could be a ticket number or ticketing time limit)
- Itinerary as a minimum of one segment that should be similar for all passengers listed.
- Person’s Name, who makes the booking
Some of new words which can help you.
Affable-Friendly
Assay-Evaluate
Beatitude-Pleasure
callous-Heartless
carnage-Disaster
Commend-Praise
Decoy-Temptation
Dispel-Remove
Emend-Correct
Froward-Stubborn
hope these words will be useful . Tell me if you are all intersted in knowing new words. If you like means i will be posting some more words next time . Even you can add new words through comments and i will add those words along with my words next time. do reply.
